Response to MIHAIL CHIRU’s “Review of Party System Closure: Party Alliances, Government Alternatives and Democracy in Europe”

CASAL BÉRTOA, Fernando. 2021_On the Perils of Popular Presidential Elections_. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung).https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/georgien/16965.pdf

CASAL BÉRTOA, Fernando. 2019. The Calm Before the Storm: Explaining the Institutionalization of Southern European Party Systems before the Great Recession._European Politics and Society_20(9): 567-590.https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2018.1557446

CASAL BÉRTOA, Fernando & Zsolt ENYEDI. 2022. Who Governs Europe? A New Historical Dataset on Governments and Party Systems since 1848._European Political Science_21(1): 150-164.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-021-00342-w

CASAL BÉRTOA, Fernando & Don S. LEE. 2021. Database on WHO GOVERNS in Asia, PSGo. Available at whogovernsasia.com.

CASAL BÉRTOA, Fernando & Juan RODRÍGUEZ-TERUEL. 2022._Non-Partisan Ministers in European Cabinets, 1848-2020_, paper presented at_Technocratic attitudes, technocratic government and support for experts in Europe_, 3-4.05.2022. Brussels: Université Libre de Bruxelles.

CASAL BÉRTOA, Fernando & Till WEBER. 2019. Restrained change: Party systems in times of economic crisis._The Journal of Politics_81(1): 233-245.[https://doi.org/10.1](https://doi.org/10.1)086/700202

CHIRU, Mihail. 2022. Review of "Party system closure: Party alliances, government alternatives, and democracy in Europe" by Fernando Casal Bértoa and Zsolt Enyedi._Analele Universității din București. Științe Politice_[Annals of the University of Bucharest. Political Science series] 24 (1): Online first.[https://doi.org/10.5488](https://doi.org/10.5488)5/AUB-SP-ZSWB7050

DALTON, Russell J. 2008. The Quantity and the Quality of Party Systems: Party System Polarization, its Measurement, and its Consequences._Comparative Political Studies_41(7): 899-920.https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414008315860

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ENYEDI, Zsolt. and CASAL BÉRTOA, Fernando. Forthcoming 2022. Party Systems and Party System Change. In_The Routledge Handbook of Political Parties_, eds. Neil Carter, Dan Keith, Gyda Sindre & Sofia Vasilopoulou. Abingdon/New York: Routledge.

LIJPHART, Arendt. 1994._Electoral Systems and Party Systems: A Study of Twenty-Seven Democracies 1945-1990_. Oxford: Oxford University Press.[https://doi.org/10.1093](https://doi.org/10.1093)/acprof:oso/9780198273479.001.0001

PELIZZO, Riccardo & Zim NWOKORA. 2016. Bridging the Divide: Measuring Party System Change and Classifying Party Systems._Politics & Policy_44(6): 1017-1052.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12255

MAIR, Peter. 1997._Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations_. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

MARSHALL, Monty G. 2020. Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2019. Vienna: Center for Systemic Peace.http://www.systemicpeace.org/warlist/warlist.htm

MÖLDER, Martin, Zsolt ENYEDI & Fernando CASAL BÉRTOA. 2022. Party System Closure and Liberal Democracy: A Double-edged Sword._Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica,_Online first.[https://doi.org/10.101](https://doi.org/10.101)7/ipo.2022.22

PULEO, Leonardo. 2022. Commissioned Book Review: Fernando Casal Bértoa and Zsolt Enyedi, "Party System Closure: Party Alliances, Government Alternatives, and Democracy in Europe."_Political Studies Review_20(3):NP13-NP14.[https://doi.o](https://doi.o/)rg/10.1177/14789299221076338

RODRÍGUEZ-TERUEL, Juan. 2022. Book review: Party system closure. Party Alliances, government alternatives, and Democracy in Europe._Party Politics_, Online first.https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688221108948

RUBABSHI-SHITRIT, Ayelet & Sharon HASSON. 2022. The effect of the constructive vote of no-confidence on government termination and government durability._West European Politics_45(3): 576-590.https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2021.1914421

SAALFELD, Thomas. 2002. The Impact of the World Economic Crisis and Political Reactions. In_Authoritarianism and Democracy in Europe, 1919–1939. Comparative Analyses_, eds. Dirk Berg-Schlosser & Jeremy Mitchell, 208-232. London: Palgrave Macmillan.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403914231_11

SARTORI, Giovanni. 1976._Parties and Party Systems. A Framework for Analysis_, vol. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

VAN DER EIJK, Cees. 2021. Book review: Fernando Casal Bértoa and Zsolt Enyedi, Party System Closure: Party Alliances, Government Alternatives, and Democracy in Europe._Acta Politica_, Online first.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-021-00225-4

VITTORI, Davide. 2021. Party System Closure: Party Alliances, Government Alternatives, and Democracy in Europe Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. $100.00, 320 Pages._Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica_, Online first.https://doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2021.55

YOVCHEVA, Teodora. 2022. Party system closure. Party alliances, government alternatives and democracy in Europe by Fernando Casal Bertoa and Zsolt Enyedi._Irish Political Studies_, Online first.https://doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2022.2076042