Vol. 5 No. 5 (2023): Bukarester Beiträge zur Germanistik Heft 5/2023
Der Band ist Formen sprachlichen Umgangs mit Menschen gewidmet, der sprachlichen Höflichkeit und der sprachlichen Derbheit, in ihrem getrennten und gemeinsamen Bestehen und Wandel. Die zehn Perspektiven über Derbheit und Höflichkeit, die in dem Band präsentiert werden, können in ihrer Beziehung zueinander leicht verdeutlicht werden.
Published:
2024-04-18
Full Issue
Articles
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Derbe Sprache, abstoßende Geschichten? Die Unmittelbarkeit des gesprochenen Wortes als Rezeptionshürde für deutsche Dramatiker auf französischen Bühnen. Das Beispiel Gerhart Hauptmann
Abstract
Words can hurt: Not only in everyday life, but also in literature. Injuries that characters inflict on each other verbally can also be transferred to the recipient. This can be observed more strongly in theatre literature than in novels or poems: Spoken speech on stage trigger often more violent reactions in the audience than the same text in written form. In addition, there are various ideas about what is considered linguistically appropriate and what is not. These differences can
become a problem in the context of the international circulation of literature, insofar as a basic consensus of language and behavioural standards seems to be necessary here. The deliberate use of provocative or even offensive forms of discourse as stylistic devices, which form an essential part of the artwork, represents sometimes an insurmountable obstacle to cultural transfer. An example of this phenomenon is provided by the reception of Gerhart Hauptmann’s naturalistic plays in France, which the contribution examines in the following. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that the different assessment of politeness as a universalist code of conduct in the two countries is a major reason for the rejection of Hauptmann’s work on French stages. -
Bettelsprache, höflich-derb. Einige Bemerkungen zum semantischen Doppler-Effekt
Abstract
Being a medium of presumably high-sensitive reflection on social life especially in its most conflicting situations, literary works dealing with beggar figures are supposed to document how mentality has shifted in their perception or in the presentation of their speech as it was uttered, hoarded, and handed down during centuries of exclusion and marginalisation. However, the linguistic phenomenon itself, i.e., the way in which beggars accomplish their task at the
intersection with a rather hurried public, is a domain which is not yet thoroughly studied, the standard statements of the social sciences being largely insufficient. One needs to develop new interpretative strategies, and the syntagm ‘semantic Doppler effect’ should satisfy this need. It emulates the well-known acoustic effect in such a way, that begging formulas—initially perceived as polite –tend to be subject to a mutation immediately after they fade out, as many recipients of
such speech acts can witness. The question arises as to where this mutation takes place, whether it is in the signal itself, in the intention of the speaker already, or whether it does not emerge until the auditor has re-coded it. -
„Ich heiße nicht Mon schär sondern Felix”. Verunsicherte Gesprächspartner und misslingende Kommunikation in E.T.A. Hoffmanns Nachtstück Der Sandmann und in seiner modernen Märchenerzählung Das fremde Kind
Abstract
The article starts by drawing attention to E.T.A. Hoffmann’s ideas of an authentic sociability, to his ideas of togetherness and focuses on two literary masterpieces that are E.T.A. Hoffmann’s reflections on failed communication between two partners. Clara calls in her letter on psychology as a corrective to the dark visions of Nathanael, Nathanael despises Clara’s cool analytical gaze at his mental and emotional condition, her prosaic viewpoint; E.T.A. Hoffmann’s Sandman shows how major differences in childhood experiences, in perceptual judgements and viewpoint can disrupt communication between two lovers, how these differences may also trigger a transgression of discursive aspects into psychopathology and into brutality. Even children like Felix and Herrmann are experiencing in E.T.A. Hoffmann’s fairy tale The Strange Child a rather threatenting speech situation and negative emotions as they become subjects to a rather restrictive play of social interaction, of politeness, of social courtesy. Herrmann’s speech pattern is not efficient. Little Felix rejects the fancy formality of the pronoun „Sie” and he demands to be called by his name; he wants to be recognized as a unique soul.
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„Wahrlich fuck you du Sau“ – Sprachliche Gewalt und Selbstermächtigung bei Lydia Haider
Abstract
The article deals with linguistic violence, the functions of swear words and their use in literature. It aims to show how cursing can be used as an act of self empowerment. Austrian writer Lydia Haider’s text Wahrlich fuck you du Sau, bist du komplett zugeschissen in deinem Leib drin. oder: Zehrung Reiser Rosi. Ein Gesang. Is aggressive, not fair, irrational and arbitrary in the sense of violence as violentia. A linguistic violence that becomes semantically blind. She rises above everything else, escaping argument and control. But her language is also comedic. The higher it rises, the lower it falls, in the excessiveness there is a form of jubilation and, last but not least, (self-)irony.
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Zur Übersetzung von Derbheit in englischsprachigen Filmen in Deutschland und Rumänien
Abstract
Globalization has found its way into all areas of everyday life, including, or rather especially into the media sector. As a result, film productions and visual productions in general, regardless of their origin, have conquered the whole world. Audio-visual translation has also contributed to this development by breaking down the barriers between languages and cultures. In the first part of this paper, the categories of audio-visual translation are discussed, briefly describing the different types of intra- and interlingual translation. It also discusses the intersemiotic or multimodal transfer and it defines this type of transfer as multidimensional translation, according to Gerzymisch-Arbogast. The second part provides an overview of the audio-visual translation type in different European countries and briefly introduces them: subtitling, dubbing, voice-over. The translation procedures proposed by Gottlieb for subtitling are taken as a starting point for the
actual analysis of the relevant passages in the selected films in the last part of the paper (Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998, Guy Ritchie), American Gangster (2007, Ridley Scott), The Last Days of American Crime (2020, Olivier Megaton)), applying them to the film extracts with profane expressions. -
Sprachliche Konstituierung eines Wirklichkeitsausschnitts aus der amerikanischen politischen Welt
Abstract
The journalists of the Allgemeine Deutsche Zeitung published in Romania (ADZ für Rumänien) comment on the political situation in America during Donald Trump's term in office and after his defeat in the election campaign, and they judge the actions of the American president and his supporters in a negative way, using pejorative means of expression. The result is a media discourse based on multi-word combinations and creative choice of words, which trigger negatively assessed nuances of meaning and that is why the discursive language product sometimes appears coarse and rude. The theoretical basis of the paper is the language action theoretical approach, the analysis of the linguistic data is carried out at the morpho-syntactic, lexical and pragmalinguistic levels.
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Von Hof über hofieren zu höflich ... Zur deutschen Höflichkeit aus linguistischer Sicht
Abstract
This paper aims at analyzing the concept of politeness (Höflichkeit) from a linguistical point of view, starting from the ethymon Old High German / Middle High German hof and its original meanings. We follow the semantical and structural evolution of the output word up to the current state of the language by researching the word family with its different nuances, e.g. Hof, Gehöft, höfisch, Höfling, and also compounds as Hofgut, Hofschranze, hoffähig, Friedhof, Fronhof, Fuhrhof etc. Thus arises an overview of the semantical potencies of the analyzed lexeme.
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Gebrauch der Anredeformen im Deutschen als Fremdsprache an der Hochschule in Rumänien
Abstract
The correct use of nominal and pronominal forms of address is a condition for wellfunctioning communication. Regardless of whether the communicators use a foreign language or a second language, the forms of address are very difficult to learn and are hardly ever dealt with in class. The article deals with Romanian students at the University of Bucharest who transfer the system of Romanian (as a mother tongue) to German (as a foreign language), even though the patterns of formality and informality in the form of address vary greatly between the German and Romanian cultural spheres.
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Facetten von Höflichkeit im Interkulturellen Lernen
Abstract
In recent decades the cultural exchange is of burgeoning importance. Multi-, inter-, trans- and pluricultural approaches are being discussed intensively and become a major concern in different spheres of society. But how far is the path from discussion to implementation? What does inter- or pluricultural competence look like in terms of Foreign Language Teaching? How difficult is it to make concepts such as politeness and value judgements transparent in everyday communicative situations? How difficult is it to derive recommendations for action from them? As important as
this task is for the field of linguistic integration, it is difficult to outline and actually implement. Based on numerous examples from textbooks for German as a second language, the difficulty of intercultural teaching and the importance of culturally sensitive teaching of the linguistic structures is demonstrated. -
Höflichkeit von Personenbezeichnungen in historischen Wörterbüchern und die Pejorisierung von Frauenbezeichnungen
Abstract
Many terms denoting women in German have undergone a diachronic process of pejoration. While Keller (1995) argues that this is due to polite speech regarding women, leading to an excessive use of higher ‚woman‘-terms and a subsequent devaluation, Nübling (2011) sees the cause in a societal depreciation of women which is mirrored in language. This paper investigates this semantic change by analysing historical dictionaries with regard to two aspects: Firstly, whether men and women are evaluated more positively or more negatively in example sentences, and secondly, how the meaning components of social standing and evaluation of the lexemes have changed. The topic of politeness is addressed by dictionary authors, especially in the 18th century, with regard to which terms are appropriate to use for which group(s) of men and women. While women tend to be evaluated more negatively in language examples, for certain lexemes politeness does seem to play a role in the fading of their ‘high social status’ meaning.
